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Date Completed: 05/04/2023
Page 1 of 30
- Allergy
- Cardiology
- +28 more
- Allergy
- Cardiology
- Complex Situations (SLO7)
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- Dermatology
- Elderly Care & Frailty
- Endocrinology
- Ear, Nose & Throat
- Environmental Emergencies
- Gastroenterology & Hepatology
- Haematology
- Infectious Diseases
- Maxillofacial & Dental
- Mental Health
- Musculoskeletal
- Neonatal Emergencies
- Nephrology
- Neurology
- Obstetrics & Gynaecology
- Oncology & Palliative Care
- Ophthalmology
- Pain & Sedation
- Pharmacology & Poisoning
- Procedural Skills (SLO6)
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- Respiratory
- Resuscitation
- Sexual Health
- Surgical Emergencies
- Trauma
- Urology
- Vascular
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Henoch-Schonlein Purpura: Investigations
A 12 year old boy is brought into ED by his mother with a non-blanching rash which has appeared on his feet and legs. He has recently been o
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Acute Urinary Retention: Management
A 76 year old man presents to the Emergency Department with a 12 hour history of being unable to void his bladder. An ultrasound bladder sca
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Haemophilia: Pathophysiology
A 37 year old man presents to the Emergency Department with a grossly swollen left knee. He tells you yesterday he had a minor fall at work
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Spinal Injury: Spinal Cord Tracts
You have been asked to give a teaching session to a group of medical students attached to the Emergency Department. The topic of the session
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Central Venous Pressure Waveform
You are discussing the central venous pressure waveform in a teaching session for medical students. What does the v wave represent on the wa
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Anaphylaxis: Clinical Features
A 75 year old man is brought to the Emergency Department by concerned carers. His GP had prescribed amoxicillin for a community acquired pne
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Acute Pancreatitis: Diagnosis
A 41 year old man presents to the Emergency Department with a 3 day history of sudden onset upper abdominal pain and nausea and vomiting. He
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Acute Asthma: Classification
You are assessing a 19 year old man who presents to the Emergency Department with wheeze and shortness of breath. He is known to suffer with
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Giant Cell Arteritis: Investigations
A 60 year old woman presents to the Emergency Department with a headache in the right temporal region which has come on over the last couple
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Transfusion Reactions
You are managing a 22 year old patient who is receiving a blood transfusion following a road traffic collision in which he was knocked off h
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Burns: Management
A 64 year old man is brought to the Emergency Department following a fire in a caravan. He has deep partial thickness burns to approximately
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Adrenal Disorders: Addison's Disease
A 36 year old woman is brought to the Emergency Department after collapsing at home. She is complaining of dizzy spells whenever she stands.
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Stroke: ROSIER Score
A 75 year old lady is brought to the Emergency Department with acute onset weakness of her left side which began about 2 hours previously. S
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Epididymo-Orchitis: Management
A 67 year old man presents to the Emergency Department complaining of pain in his scrotum. He has no significant past medical history. On ex
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Paediatric Cardiorespiratory Arrest: Management
A 12 year old girl is brought to the Emergency Department after being found collapsed at home, it appeared she has taken multiple medication
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Tympanic Membrane Perforation: Management
A 21 year old woman presents to the Emergency Department complaining of right ear pain. She had been using a cotton bud to remove wax from h
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Peri-Arrest Arrhythmias: Tachyarrhythmia
A 34 year old man presents to the Emergency Department after developing palpitations during a 5km race. On examination his heart rate is 185
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Hypokalaemia: Pathophysiology
You have been asked to give a teaching session to a group of final year medical students. The topic of the session is hypokalaemia. Which of
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Burns: Assessment
A 71 year old woman is brought to the Emergency Department after pulling a freshly made cup of coffee over herself. She has burns to her tor
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Acute Coronary Syndrome: ECG Changes
You have been asked to teach a group medical students about the ECG changes seen in ST elevation myocardial infarctions (STEMI). Which leads
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Tetanus Prone Wounds: Assessment
A 60 year old farmer presents to ED following an incident where he sustained a dog bite to his face from his working sheepdog. He has a 2 cm
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Chickenpox: Diagnosis
A 2 year old boy is brought to ED by his young anxious parents with a widespread itchy rash. They tell you he has not been himself over the
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Renal Calculi: Diagnosis
A 45 year old woman presents with a 6 hour history of right sided abdominal pain. She describes the pain as "sharp, stabbing" that occurs in
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Clostridium Difficile Infection: Microbiology
A 78 year old woman, recovering in hospital after a fractured neck of femur, develops profuse diarrhoea. She has been on broad spectrum anti
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Paediatric Choking: Management
Whilst in a restaurant you become aware of a commotion at a neighbouring table. You find a mum who tells you her 3 year old son is choking o
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Hearing Loss: Assessment
A 32 year old man presents to the Emergency Department complaining of hearing loss. On examination Weber's test lateralises to the right and
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Intussusception: Diagnosis
An 18 month old is brought to ED by her mum with crying episodes occurring over the past 12 hours. During these episodes she is crying in pa
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Neonatal Jaundice: Causes
A 3 day old boy is brought to the Emergency Department by his mother. She has noticed that he has become jaundiced. He is otherwise well and
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Corneal Foreign Body: Complications
A 32 year old metal worker presents to the Emergency Department after developing acute right eye pain whilst grinding metal. He was not wear
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Fascia Iliaca Block
You are giving a teaching session to junior colleagues regarding regional anaesthesia in the ED. You are discussing fascia iliaca blocks. Re
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Inguinal Hernia: Diagnosis
A 57 year old man presents to the Emergency Department with a 2 day history of pain and swelling in the left groin. He describes the pain as
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Salicylate Toxicity: Management
A 19 year old woman presents to the Emergency Department following a deliberate aspirin overdose 6 hours ago. She has no past medical histor
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Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma (FAST)
A 26 year old woman is brought to ED following a road traffic accident. Focussed assessment for sonography in trauma (FAST) on the supine pa
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Pulmonary Embolism: Management
A 60 year old man presents to the Emergency Department with shortness of breath and chest pain for 3 hours. He also complains of a right cal
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Leg Injuries: Fibular Fracture
A 27 year old man presents to the Emergency Department complaining of leg pain following a particularly violent tackle during a football gam
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Lung Malignancy: Diagnosis
A 72 year old woman, who has smoked all her life, presents to the Emergency Department with malaise, weight loss, a persistent cough and a h
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Arterial Blood Gas Analysis
A 65 year old is brought into the Emergency Department after being found unresponsive on a park bench. An arterial blood gas is performed an
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Otitis Externa: Diagnosis
A 62 year old woman presents to the Emergency Department complaining of pain in the left ear. She has no significant past medical history. W
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Choking: Management
A 34 year old woman presents to the Emergency Department after a choking episode whilst at an "all you can eat" buffet. Which of the followi
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Head Injury: Basal Skull Fracture
You are assessing a medical student as she examines a 32 year old man who has been assaulted. The medical student believes the patient has f
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Acute Angle Closure Glaucoma: Risk Factors
A 59 year old woman presents to the Emergency Department with a 2 hour history of left eye pain, headache and vomiting. You suspect acute an
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Orbital Blowout Fracture: Imaging
A 23 year old woman presents to the Emergency Department after being involved in an altercation in a nightclub. She recalls being punched tw
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Emergency Airway Management
A 51 year old man presents to ED following a road traffic collision with significant facial trauma. On examination you note gurgling and 'se
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Hypercalcaemia: Diagnosis
A 65 year old man presents to the Emergency Department with multiple symptoms. He complains of fatigue, lethargy and "feeling muddled" over
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Acute Urinary Retention: Management
A 59 year old man presents to the Emergency Department complaining of suprapubic pain. He last passed urine 12 hours ago. Which of the follo
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Dementia: Diagnosis
A 79 year old man is brought to the Emergency Department by his daughter. She is concerned about his cognition and memory, she brought him t
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Acute Pancreatitis: Management
A 39 year old man presents to the Emergency Department with severe epigastric pain and vomiting. He has a past medical history of alcohol mi
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Hip and Thigh Injuries: Posterior Hip Dislocation
A 65 year old woman presents to ED following a fall at home. She is complaining of severe left hip pain and her left limb is shortened and i
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Anaemia: Iron Deficiency Anaemia
A 63 year old man presents to the Emergency Department with a 3 month history of right sided abdominal pain, a change in bowel habit and wei
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Lumbar Puncture
You are asked to review a 32 year old man in ED who has presented with a fever of 38.2°C and a headache. His flatmate brought him to ED as
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Head Injury: Raised Intracranial Pressure
A 36 year old scaffolder is brought to the Emergency Department by ambulance after falling approximately 5 m on a building site and sustaini
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Cardiorespiratory Arrest: Management
A 54 year old man is brought to the Emergency Department by paramedics. The paramedics have given 500 ml 0.9% saline intravenously as the pa
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Rheumatoid Arthritis: Clinical Features
A 69 year old woman, with known rheumatoid arthritis, presents to the Emergency Department with worsening pain in both her hands. What is mo
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Congenital Heart Disease: Ventricular Septal Defect
A 3 month old male infant is brought into ED by his mother who is concerned as he doesn't appear to be gaining weight appropriately. He seem
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Cyanide Poisoning: Diagnosis
A 23 year old woman is brought to the Emergency Department by paramedics. She had been in a house fire and was removed from the property by
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Nasal Fracture: CSF Rhinorrhoea
A 19 year old rugby player presents to the Emergency Department 3 days after injuring his nose during a game. He tells you he received a kne
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Anticoagulants: Warfarin Reversal
A 54 year old man is brought to the Emergency Department by his workmates. He was cutting wood in a factory when his hand slipped and he sus
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Cyanide Poisoning: Management
A 34 year old man is brought to the Emergency Department by paramedics. His friends found him unresponsive at home next to a note detailing
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Aortic Dissection: Risk Factors
You have been asked to give a teaching session to a group of medical students attached to the Emergency Department. The topic of the session
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Drowning: Management
You are spending your day off in a local park. You hear a commotion from the nearby lake and go over to investigate. As you approach you can
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Hypocalcaemia: Diagnosis
A 32 year old woman presents to the Emergency Department complaining of tingling and numbness around her mouth for the last week. She also d
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Septic Arthritis: Investigations
A 53 year old lady is admitted to the acute medical unit with a painful knee. It is hot and swollen. Her observations on admission include o
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Organophosphate Poisoning: Management
A 16 year old boy is brought to the Emergency Department after being found unresponsive in a local field. He has no past medical history and
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Nasogastric Tube Placement
You are asked to insert a nasogastric tube for feeding. The chest x-ray to confirm nasogastric tube placement is shown. What is the most app
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Acute Coronary Syndrome: ECG Changes
You have been asked to teach a group medical students about the ECG changes seen in ST elevation myocardial infarctions (STEMI). Which leads
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Acute Asthma: Classification
You are assessing a 29 year old woman who presents to the Emergency Department with wheeze and shortness of breath. She is known to suffer w
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Investigations
A 27 year old woman presents to the Emergency Department with a 4 month history of intermittent abdominal pain associated with bloating and
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Croup: Management
A 2 year old boy is brought to the Emergency Department by his parents in the middle of the night. They tell you he awoke with a "barking co
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Methaemoglobinaemia: Diagnosis
A 27 year old man is brought to the Emergency Department by concerned friends. They had been at a party when they noted he appeared grey. Yo
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Peptic Ulcer Disease: Management
A 37 year old man presents to the Emergency Department with a 2 day history of epigastric pain. He tells you he has had similar episodes ove
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Intraosseous Access
You are completing your Advanced Life Support (ALS) refresher course. You are currently discussing intraosseous access. Regarding intraosseo
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Acute Angle Closure Glaucoma: Management
A 75 year old man presents to the Emergency Department complaining of a 1 hour history of a red painful eye and a headache. On examination y
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Hyperthermia and Heat Stroke: Causes
You have been asked to give a teaching session to junior colleagues. The topic of the teaching session is "Environmental Emergencies" and as
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Corneal Abrasion: Clinical Findings
A 32 year old presents to the Emergency Department with a 3 hour history of pain to the left eye. What examination finding is seen?
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Consent: Principles
You have been asked to consent a patient for a reduction of a distal radius fracture. Regarding consent, which of the following statements i
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Glandular Fever: Investigations
A 17 year old presents to the Emergency Department with a 10 day history of sore throat and fever. On examination you note tender cervical l
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Intussusception: Investigations
A 1 year old boy is brought to the Emergency Department by his parents. They describe a 1 day history of intermittent inconsolable crying ep
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Pertussis: Diagnosis
A 10 year old child is brought into the Emergency Department with recurrent, violent coughing fits that are followed by vomiting. He has bee
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Thoracic Trauma: Tension Pneumothorax
A 19 year old man is carried into the Emergency Department by his friends. They shout for help on arrival. They tell you he was attacked and
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Resuscitation of the Newborn: Management
A 16 year old girl self presents to the Emergency Department in active labour. She has been concealing the pregnancy from her parents. Short
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Upper Limb Nerve Injuries: Long Thoracic Nerve
A 41 year old woman presents to ED complaining that she is having difficulty raising her arm to brush her hair with her right hand. She has
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Corneal Foreign Body: Complications
A 45 year old farmer presents to ED with a red, watering, painful eye. He was repairing an old tractor in his workshop when he felt somethin
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Acute Sore Throat: Scoring System
A 17 year old girl presents to the Emergency Department with a 2 day history of sore throat. Which of the following is a scoring system used
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Epistaxis: Anatomy
A 74 year old woman presents to the Emergency Department with a 3 hour history of epistaxis. What is the most common site of epistaxis? &
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Non-Invasive Ventilation
A 65 year old woman with known COPD presents to ED with worsening breathlessness and wheeze. Her observations on admission are: BP 135/87, H
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Visual Pathway: Pathophysiology
A 45 year old woman presents to the Emergency Department complaining of 2 hours of headache and visual loss. Her partner describes an episod
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Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Pathophysiology
A 54 year old man presents to the Emergency Department with a 2 week history of cough. He is known to be HIV positive and you are concerned
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Eye Trauma: Chemical Eye Injury
A 33 year old mechanic presents to the Emergency Department after splashing a chemical cleaning solution into his right eye. You record an i
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Hyperkalaemia: Management
A 71 year old man, with known diabetes mellitus (type II) and hypertension, presents to the ED with a 2 day history of lethargy and vomiting
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Measles: Diagnosis
A 8 year old unvaccinated girl, originally from Hungary, is brought to the Emergency Department by her parents who are concerned about a non
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Episcleritis and Scleritis: Management
A 45 year old man presents with a history of a painful, red and watering left eye. On examination you note a bluish purple discolouration of
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Acute Pancreatitis: Causes
A 45 year old man presents to the Emergency Department with severe epigastric pain and vomiting. His serum amylase is raised and you suspect
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Upper Gastrointestinal Bleed: Management
A 54 year old woman presents to the Emergency Department following a syncopal episode. Whilst in triage she has an episode of bright red hae
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Paediatric Gastroenteritis: Management
A 4 year old boy is brought to the Emergency Department by his parents. They describe 3 days of diarrhoea and vomiting and they have present
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Central Venous Pressure Waveform
You are assessing the central venous pressure waveform on a patient in ITU who was admitted with sepsis. Regarding the central venous pressu
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Transient Ischaemic Attack: Management
A 72 year old patient presents to the Emergency Department after experiencing a funny episode, lasting for about 30 minutes, where her voice
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Neonatal Sepsis: Diagnosis
A 3 day old baby boy is brought to the Emergency Department by his parents. They are concerned he is irritable and not feeding well. He was
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Atrial Fibrillation: Risk Stratification
A 64 year old man presents with a 3 day history of palpitations. His observations recorded at triage are: Heart rate: 95 beats/minute
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Peptic Ulcer Disease: Diagnosis
A 62 year old man presents to the Emergency Department with a 6 hour history of abdominal pain. He has a past medical history of alcohol dep
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Glandular Fever: Microbiology
A 16 year old presents to the Emergency Department with a 10 day history of sore throat and fever. Your consultant suspects glandular fever.
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Post-Extraction Complications: Alveolar Osteitis
A 45 year old man presents to the Emergency Department complaining of dental pain referred to the ear. He had a molar extraction 2 days prev
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Airway Assessment
As part of your anaesthetic rotation you are working on a routine surgical list. The airway assessment has been done earlier that day by the
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Lymphoma: Clinical Features
A 23 year old man presents to the Emergency Department with a 2 week history of cough and fever. He has a past medical history of Hodgkin ly
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Poisoning and Overdose: Toxidromes
A 23 year old woman is brought to the Emergency Department after starting to act strangely at a music festival. She had been using multiple
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Resuscitation of the Newborn: APGAR Score
A 27 year old woman presents to the Emergency Department complaining of 1 minute episodes of abdominal pain occurring every 3-5 minutes. Her
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Acute Coronary Syndrome: ECG Changes
A 75 year old man presents to ED complaining of severe central chest pain radiating to his left arm. His ECG is shown. Which of the followin
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Community Acquired Pneumonia: Management
A 64 year old man presents to the Emergency Department with a 4 day history of productive cough and fever. He has no significant past medica
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Leg Injuries: Calf Muscle Injury
A 23 year old man presents to the Emergency Department complaining of a 1 day history of pain to the right calf with pain on weightbearing.
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Paediatric Meningococcal Disease: Causes
A 16 year old boy presents to the Emergency Department complaining of a headache with neck stiffness and photophobia. On examination you not
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Valvular Heart Disease: Aortic Stenosis
You are observing a medical student take a history and examine a 79 year old man who presented to the Emergency Department following a synco
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Pleural Effusion: Diagnosis
A 65 year old lifelong smoker presents to the Emergency Department with a 3 week history of progressive breathlessness on exertion. What is
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Bell's Palsy: Management
A 74 year old woman presents to the Emergency Department with a 12 hour history of right sided facial weakness. On examination you note righ
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Adrenal Disorders: Phaeochromocytoma
A 46 year old man presents to the Emergency Department with a headache and palpitations. He describes multiple similar episodes over the las
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Peri-Arrest Arrhythmias: Tachyarrhythmia
A 43 year old man presents to the Emergency Department with a 2 hour history of palpitations and shortness of breath. An ECG is performed at
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Hyperemesis Gravidarum: Investigations
A 23 year old woman, who is 11 weeks pregnant, presents to the Emergency Department with persistent and severe nausea and vomiting. This is
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Paracetamol Pharmacology
A 23 year old woman presents to the Emergency Department complaining of a frontal headache. The triage nurse administers paracetamol. Regard
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Episcleritis and Scleritis: Diagnosis
A 64 year old woman presents to the Emergency Department in the middle of the night complaining of a painful right eye. She has a past medic
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Scarlet Fever: Exclusion Advice
A 4 year old boy is brought to the Emergency Department with a 1 day history of rash following a sore throat. You diagnose scarlet fever. Wh
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Diagnosis
A 29 year old man, with a known history of ulcerative colitis, presents to the Emergency Department with worsening abdominal pain and bloati
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Giant Cell Arteritis: Complications
A 63 year old woman presents to the Emergency Department complaining of a severe right sided headache. She tells you she has been recently s
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Spinal Injury: Spinal Cord Lesion
A 28 year old male patient is brought to the Emergency Department following a motorbike accident. On performing a full neurological examinat
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Epididymo-Orchitis: Microbiology
A 64 year old man presents to the Emergency Department with a 3 day history of scrotal pain and fever. On examination you find a normal appe
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Digoxin Toxicity: Management
A 75 year old man is brought to the Emergency Department by his family. He lives alone and has mild cognitive impairment. He has a past medi
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Head Injury: Raised Intracranial Pressure
A 25 year old man is brought to the Emergency Department following a road traffic collision. He has signs of a closed head injury. On examin
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Sepsis: Management
A 48 year old woman, recently diagnosed with breast cancer, presents to the ED nine days after her first cycle of adjuvant chemotherapy. She
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Testicular Torsion: Management
A 21 year old man presents to the Emergency Department with a 6 hour history of left testicular pain. He describes a sudden onset of pain wh
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Deep Vein Thrombosis: Management
A 75 year old man presents to the Emergency Department complaining of left calf pain and swelling. You calculate his two level Well's Score
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Infective Endocarditis: Diagnosis
A 39 year old woman presents to the Emergency Department after being found collapsed on a park bench. She has evidence of recent intravenous
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Paediatric Choking: Management
Whilst you are dining in a restaurant, a mother calls for help as her 18 month old child is choking. He is gasping and unresponsive. What is
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Radiation Injuries and Illnesses: Management
A 32 year old hospital laboratory technician presents to the Emergency Department. He tells you he has been working in the haematology lab a
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Acute Childhood Limp: Osgood-Schlatter Disease
A 14 year old boy is brought to the Emergency Department complaining of left knee pain. He is a keen rugby player and trains three times a w
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Ludwig's Angina: Pathophysiology
A 68 year old woman presents to the Emergency Department with a 2 day history of fever, dysphagia and mouth pain. On examination she has a t
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Carbon Monoxide Poisoning: Clinical Features
A 19 year old student presents to the Emergency Department on the advice of a gas engineer. The boiler in his flat is faulty and is giving o
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Paediatric Pneumonia: Diagnosis
A 3 year old girl is brought to the Emergency Department by her father. He tells you she has been coughing for 3 days and has been "off food
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Carbon Monoxide Poisoning: Clinical Features
A 23 year old woman presents to the Emergency Department on the advice of a gas engineer. They have detected high carbon monoxide levels in
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Anticoagulants: Warfarin Reversal
A 69 year old woman presents to the Emergency Department with a suspected UTI. She has a past medical history of atrial fibrillation for whi
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Back Pain: Sciatica
A 54 year old man presents to the Emergency Department after developing back pain whilst on holiday in Turkey. He underwent a private MRI of
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Conjunctivitis: Management
A 43 year old man presents to the Emergency Department with a 2 day history of left eye redness and purulent discharge. He has a past medica
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Sexual Assault: Post-Exposure Prophylaxis
A 19 year old student attends ED reporting a sexual assault that occurred in last 24 hours. She reports that she was intoxicated at a party
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Testicular Torsion: Diagnosis
A 16 year old boy presents to ED complaining of pain and swelling in his left testicle. The pain started suddenly about 3 hours ago. On exam
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Anaemia: Microcytic Anaemia
A 65 year old man is brought to the Emergency Department after collapsing at home. His full blood count shows a microcytic anaemia. Which of
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Scarlet Fever: Complications
A 6 year old male child is brought to the Emergency Department with haematuria and reduced urine output. Ten days ago he developed a general
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Resuscitative Thoracotomy
You are participating in a trauma simulation in which the patient requires resuscitative thoracotomy. Which of the following muscles is divi
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Anticoagulants: Heparin Pharmacology
A 79 year old man presents to the Emergency Department with an acutely ischaemic leg. You commence intravenous heparin and refer him to the
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Poisoning and Overdose: Toxidromes
A 23 year old woman is brought to the Emergency Department after starting to act strangely at a music festival. She had been using multiple
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Gallstone Disease: Acute Cholecystitis
A 52 year old woman complains of 12 hours of right upper quadrant pain. She describes a sudden onset of pain the previous evening that has p
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Paediatric Burns: Management
A 6 year old girl is brought to the Emergency Department by paramedics. She was at a family party when she fell into a bonfire. You calculat
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Tetanus Prone Wounds: Management
A 35 year old farmer presents to the Emergency Department after being bitten by a pig earlier that day. The wound appears clean. He has no p
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Ectopic Pregnancy: Investigations
A 28 year old lady is brought to the Emergency Department after fainting at work following severe worsening pelvic pain for the last few hou
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Carpal Injuries: Lunate dislocation
A 32 year old man presents to the Emergency Department complaining of pain in his dominant right wrist after falling from his motorcycle at
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Renal Calculi: Management
A 56 year old man, with a history of renal calculi, presents to ED with sudden onset pain in his left flank which has been occuring in spasm
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Shingles: Management
A 65 year old man presents to the Emergency Department with a 2 day history of a painful rash to the right torso. He has no significant past
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Paediatric Gastroenteritis: Management
A 5 year old boy is brought to the Emergency Department by his parents. They describe 3 days of vomiting and 1 day of diarrhoea. Which of th
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Optic Neuritis: Diagnosis
A 37 year old woman presents to the Emergency Department complaining of decreased vision in the left eye over the last 2 days. On examinatio
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Retinal Vein Occlusion: Diagnosis
An 86 year old man presents to the Emergency Department complaining of a sudden loss of vision in his left eye. Your fundoscopy findings are
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Febrile Seizure: Clinical Features
A boy is brought into the Emergency Department by his parents. They describe a shaking episode at home. The child has been complaining of a
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Acute Coronary Syndrome: Definition
A 43 year old woman presents to the Emergency Department with a history of central chest pain. After further history taking and examination
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Non-Accidental Injury
A 3 year old child is brought into ED by his mother with bruising and pain following a fall at home. The story she gives is inconsistent wit
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Giant Cell Arteritis: Investigations
A 76 year old woman presents to the Emergency Department with a 2 day history of left sided headache. She describes pain in the temporal reg
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Myocarditis: Clinical Features
A 47 year old man presents to the Emergency Department with a 3 day history of chest pain. He has no significant past medical history or fam
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Subarachnoid Haemorrhage: Diagnosis
A 29 year old woman presents to the Emergency Department with a 1 hour history of sudden onset, severe, diffuse headache, and vomiting. She
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Peri-Arrest Arrhythmias: Tachyarrhythmia
A 22 year old woman presents to ED complaining of a 2 hour history of palpitations. She recently completed a course of clarithromycin for a
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Diabetes Insipidus: Clinical Features
A 43 year old woman presents to the Emergency Department with a 1 day history of polyuria and polydipsia. She underwent a resection of a pit
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Decompression Illness: Clinical Features
A 25 year old holiday-maker is brought to ED by the local diving school. She describes a sudden onset of symptoms as she was making her desc
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Cardiac Arrest in Pregnancy: Management
A 23 year old woman is brought to the Emergency Department after collapsing at home. She is 30 weeks pregnant with her second pregnancy. Whi
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Procedural Sedation: Drugs
You are preparing to perform procedural sedation on a patient who requires a closed reduction of an ankle fracture. You have decided to use
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Diabetic Ketoacidosis: Management
A 37 year old man presents to the Emergency Department with abdominal pain and drowsiness. He has a past medical history of type 1 diabetes.
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Tuberculosis: Management
A patient on treatment for tuberculosis infection presents to the Emergency Department. The patient was started on the standard treatment re
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Hand Injuries: Extensor Tendon Injury
A 75 year old woman presents to ED with an injury to her right hand after she caught her finger while tucking in her bedsheets. Which of the
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Lumbar Puncture
A 49 year old woman presents to ED complaining of a sudden onset posterior headache and photophobia. Initial CT head was reported as normal.
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Postpartum Haemorrhage: Causes
A 34 year old woman is brought to the Emergency Department with postpartum bleeding 48 hours following a home delivery. She has no past medi
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Paediatric Acute Asthma: Diagnosis
A 3 year old girl is brought to the Emergency Department by her parents. They give a 2 day history of cough, wheeze and a "runny nose". She
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Cellulitis: Diagnosis
A 34 year old woman presents to the Emergency Department with a 12 hour history of a painful, swollen right leg. On examination you note the
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Sickle Cell Disease: Complications
A 24 year old woman presents to the Emergency Department with a one week history of fatigue. She has a past medical history of sickle cell d
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Large Joint Aspiration
A 69 year old woman presents to ED with a red hot painful left knee. Joint aspiration is performed and the results are: Colour: clear y
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Tricyclic Antidepressant Toxicity: Clinical Features
A 64 year old woman is brought to the Emergency Department by her wife. She found her at home surrounded by empty amitriptyline packets and
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Sepsis: Neutropenic Sepsis
A 68 year old woman, with known lung cancer, presents to ED with dysuria. She finished her last chemotherapy session 10 days ago. Her observ
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Salivary Gland Disease: Diagnosis
A 73 year old woman presents to the Emergency Department complaining of intermittent facial pain and associated swelling occurring on the ri
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Electrical Burns: Management
A 31 year old trainee electrician presents to ED following an electric shock to his left hand while working on a household outlet. He descri
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Gallstone Disease: Pathophysiology
A 39 year old woman presents to the Emergency Department with a 6 hour history of right upper quadrant pain and vomiting. You suspect biliar
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Resuscitation in Special Circumstances: Electrical Injury
A 48 year old engineer is brought to the Emergency Department (ED) after sustaining a high voltage electrical shock whilst working in a fact
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Carpal Injuries: Perilunate dislocation
A 35 year old woman presents to ED complaining of pain in her wrist and hand following a fall onto an outstretched hand. What is the diagnos
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Jaundice: Diagnosis
A 28 year old woman presents to ED complaining of fatigue, nausea and right upper quadrant (RUQ) abdominal pain. She has no previous medical
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Reduction of Fracture and Dislocation
You are giving a teaching session for junior colleagues based in the Emergency Department. You are discussing reduction of fracture and disl
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Bier’s Block
An 82 year old woman presents to the Emergency Department after injuring her wrist following a fall in a supermarket. She has a dinner fork
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Antepartum Haemorrhage: Clinical Features
A 17 year old girl presents to the Emergency Department with a 1 hour history of vaginal bleeding. She tells you she is 28 weeks pregnant. Y
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Epiglottitis: Diagnosis
A 45 year old presents to the Emergency Department with a fever, dysphagia and sore throat. The triage nurse notes a stridor and moves the p
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Otitis Externa: Management
A 23 year old man presents to the Emergency Department with a 3 day history of a painful right ear. On examination you note erythema and swe
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Bowel Obstruction: Diagnosis
A 69 year old woman is brought to the Emergency Department by her concerned daughter. She has complained of abdominal pain and distension fo
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Dementia: Management
A 79 year old man is brought to the Emergency Department after being found wandering the streets in the middle of the night by his neighbour
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Hypothyroidism: Clinical Features
A 56 year old woman presents to the Emergency Department due to fatigue and worsening confusion. Her blood tests show an elevated TSH and yo
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Shoulder Injuries: Anterior Shoulder Dislocation
A 32 year old man presents to the Emergency Department complaining of right shoulder pain after falling at work. On examination you note a l
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Head Injury: Subdural Haematoma
A 79 year old man, taking aspirin for vascular disease, is brought to the Emergency Department with decreased consciousness after falling at
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Arterial Blood Gas Sampling
A 59 year old patient presents to ED complaining of chest pain and breathlessness. You are supervising a medical student performing an arter
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Epilepsy: First Seizure
A 15 year old girl is brought to the Emergency Department by her worried parents. She had a collapse episode at school from which she is ful
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Sickle Cell Disease: Osteomyelitis
A 10 year old boy with sickle cell disease, is brought into the Emergency Department with a limp and complaining of pain in his left knee. A
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Anaemia: Megaloblastic Anaemia
A 67 year old woman presents to the Emergency Department with a three month history of fatigue, shortness of breath and "numb feet". On exam
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Giant Cell Arteritis: Diagnosis
A 60 year old woman presents to the Emergency Department with a headache in the right temporal region which has come on over the last couple
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Inhalation Injury: Management
A 23 year old woman is brought to the Emergency Department by paramedics following a house fire in a nearby property. She is alert and talki
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Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation: Diagnosis
A 44 year old man is brought to the Emergency Department by paramedics after being found unresponsive at home. He is accompanied by a friend
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Thoracic Trauma: Tension Pneumothorax
A 36 year old man presents to the Emergency Department after being assaulted in a nearby park. He tells the triage nurse he was kicked in th
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Arterial Blood Gas Analysis
You are giving a teaching session on arterial blood gas analysis to a group of medical students. Regarding arterial blood gas analysis, whic
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Miscarriage: Causes
A 19 year old woman presents to the Emergency Department with a 4 hour history of cramping lower abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding. She te
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Hypertensive Emergency: Management
A 49 year old woman presents to the Emergency Department with a 1 day history of headache, vomiting and confusion. She has no significant pa
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Corneal Foreign Body: Management
A 42 year old woman presents to the Emergency Department with a 3 hour history of left eye pain. She had been working in a dusty attic space
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Anaphylaxis: Management
A 64 year old man is brought to the Emergency Department after collapsing in a seafood restaurant. His wife tells you he has had a previous
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Renal Calculi: Management
A 39 year old man presents to the Emergency Department with a 5 hour history of left sided abdominal pain. He describes it as "coming in wav
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Vitreous Haemorrhage: Diagnosis
A 49 year old woman presents to the Emergency Department complaining of sudden onset floaters and dark streaks in her vision. She has a past
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Gonorrhoea: Diagnosis
A 28 year old man presents to the Emergency Department complaining of a profuse green muco-purulent urethral discharge and dysuria. He repor
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Inguinal Hernia: Risk Factors
A 57 year old man presents to the Emergency Department with a 2 day history of pain and swelling in the left groin. On examination you note
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Cellulitis: Management
A 74 year old woman is brought to the Emergency Department after her carers noted a red rash on her left calf. She has a past medical histor
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Cranial Nerve Palsy: Oculomotor Nerve
A 35 year old female patient presents to ED complaining of diplopia. You assess the patient and an image is shown. What is the diagnosis?
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Elbow and Arm Injuries: Supracondylar Fracture
A 21 year old presents to the Emergency Department with an injury to his left arm after falling from a skateboard. Imaging shows a supracond
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Back Pain: Inflammatory Conditions
A 57 year old man presents to the Emergency Department with a 4 day history of back pain. He cannot recall any trauma. Whilst assessing the
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Pulmonary Embolism: Pathophysiology
A 45 year old woman presents to the Emergency Department with pleuritic chest pain and shortness of breath. She has recently been immobile d
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Head Injury: Epidural Haematoma
A 19 year old rugby player is brought to the Emergency Department with a history of headache, vomiting, drowsiness and confusion 3 hours aft
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Rheumatoid Arthritis: Clinical Features
A 67 year old woman presents to the Emergency Department with a 2 day history of increased joint pain in both hands. She has a past medical
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Peri-Arrest Arrhythmias: Tachyarrhythmia
A 54 year old man presents to the Emergency Department after developing palpitations at work. On examination his heart rate is 185 beats per
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Le Fort Fracture: Classification
A 54 year old man is brought to the Emergency Department after getting hit in the face by the wing mirror of a passing lorry. On examination
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Local Anaesthetic Toxicity: Clinical Features
A 45 year old chef presents to the Emergency Department with a laceration to his left hand. You plan to close the wound with sutures and ins
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Paediatric Diabetic Ketoacidosis: Management
A 12 year old boy is brought to the Emergency Department by his parents. They describe weight loss over the last month, associated with incr
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Temporary Cardiac Pacing
A 67 year old woman is brought into the Emergency Department by her husband. She has been complaining of increasing breathlessness and chest
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Anaphylaxis: Diagnosis
A 23 year old woman presents to ED with an urticarial rash and tongue swelling. Which of the following features supports a diagnosis of anap
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Hyperthermia and Heat Stroke: Management
A 49 year old construction worker is brought to ED by his work colleague after passing out while working outside for hours on the hottest da
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Hypothermia: Classification
A 32 year old man is brought to the Emergency Department after being pulled from a lake. He was in the water for 10 minutes. The lake temper
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Pleural Effusion: Diagnosis
A 73 year old woman presents to the Emergency Department complaining of breathlessness and pleuritic chest pain. She has no past medical his
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Hyperkalaemia: Definition
A 57 year old man presents to the Emergency Department after missing 2 sessions of peritoneal dialysis. He explains he has been unwell with
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Head Injury: Assessment
A 32 year old woman is brought to the Emergency Department by her husband after falling at an ice rink 3 hours ago. She describes falling on
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Botulism: Diagnosis
A 53 year old man presents to the Emergency Department complaining of difficulty swallowing over the previous 3 days. He has no significant
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Miscarriage: Cervical Shock
A 28 year old lady, who is 11 weeks pregnant, presents to the Emergency Department with vaginal bleeding including large clots which started
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Acute Otitis Media: Management
A 2 month old baby girl is brought to the Emergency Department by her parents. They report 2 days of fever with a slight reduction in feeds
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Hypocalcaemia: Diagnosis
A 28 year old woman presents to the Emergency Department complaining of tingling and numbness around her mouth for the past week. Occasional
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Frostbite: Classification
A 54 year old man is brought to the Emergency Department after becoming lost on a mountain. He spent 7 days without shelter prior to being r
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Infective Keratitis: Microbiology
A 43 year old woman presents to the Emergency Department with right eye pain and excessive lacrimation. On fluorescein staining you note a c
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Acute Coronary Syndrome: ECG Changes
A 54 year old man is brought to the Emergency Department complaining of central chest pain. He is overweight (BMI 33) and smokes 20 cigarett
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Gout: Diagnosis
A 42 year old man presents to the Emergency Department complaining of a severely painful big toe which he woke up with this morning. On exam
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Anticoagulants: Heparin Pharmacology
A 65 year old man presents to the Emergency Department with a 2 day history of left leg pain and swelling. He has recently returned from a h
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Resuscitation in Special Circumstances: Hypothermia
A 72 year old man is brought to the Emergency Department (ED) at 02:00. It is winter and the outside temperature is -3°C. He has a histor
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Hypercalcaemia: Clinical Features
A 54 year old woman presents to the Emergency Department complaining of abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. She is currently undergoing tre
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Large Joint Aspiration
A 55 year old woman presents to ED with a red hot painful right knee. Joint aspiration is performed and the results are: Colour: cloudy
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Epididymo-Orchitis: Microbiology
A 25 year old man presents to the Emergency Department with a 1 day history of scrotal pain and dysuria. On examination you find his left he
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Sepsis: Neutropenic Sepsis
A 69 year old male patient, with known prostate cancer, presents to ED unwell with pyrexia, diarrhoea and rigors. He has recently completed
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Paediatric Cardiorespiratory Arrest: Management
You are in a supermarket when you hear shouts of "help" from the neighbouring aisle. You investigate and find a mother holding her unrespons
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Mastoiditis: Pathophysiology
A 14 year old presents to the Emergency Department with fever and post-auricular swelling, erythema and tenderness. What is the most likely
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Neonatal Jaundice: Clinical Features
A 1 week old boy is brought to the Emergency Department as his mother is concerned he has turned yellow. On examination you note jaundice of
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Salter-Harris Classification: Complications
A 10 year old boy is brought to the Emergency Department by his father after developing left ankle pain after falling from a trampoline. An
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Rubella: Diagnosis
A 5 year old boy is brought into ED with a rash that has developed over the last 24 hours. The child did not receive childhood immunisations
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Guillain-Barre Syndrome: Management
A 29 year old woman presents to the Emergency Department with a 3 day history of worsening lower limb weakness that is affecting her ability
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Benzodiazepine Toxicity: Management
A 19 year old man is brought to the Emergency Department following an overdose of diazepam. He was seen to ingest twenty 5 mg tablets by his
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Arterial Blood Gas Analysis
You are asked to review an arterial blood gas (ABG) that has been performed by a junior colleague. The ABG shows a normal anion gap metaboli
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Epiglottitis: Microbiology
A 34 year old man presents to the Emergency Department with a 2 day history of fever, sore throat and dysphagia. He recently arrived in the
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Pelvic Injury: Avulsion Fracture
A 13 year old boy presents to the Emergency Department with pain to the left lateral upper thigh. The pain is worse on movement. He describe
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Cardiac Failure: Diagnosis
A 65 year old man, with a history of diabetes mellitus, presents to ED with complaints of a worsening cough and shortness of breath over the
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Poisoning and Overdose: Toxidromes
A 76 year old man is brought to the Emergency Department after an accidental overdose of his medications. His family are trying to obtain a
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Poisoning and Overdose: Toxidromes
A 74 year old man is brought to the Emergency Department after an accidental overdose of his medications. His family are trying to obtain a
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Leukaemia: Clinical Features
A 4 year old boy is brought to the Emergency Department with a persistent sore throat and malaise. Examination reveals multiple bruises and
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Hand Injuries: Tenosynovitis
A 22 year old mechanic presents to ED complaining of a painful finger on his right hand following an injury at work 5 days ago. His GP start
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Foreign Body Ingestion: Management
A 2 year old child is brought into ED by his parents who tell you they think he may have ingested some small toy magnet balls 2 days ago. Th
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Tricyclic Antidepressant Toxicity: Management
A 64 year old man is brought to the Emergency Department by his husband. He found him at home surrounded by empty amitriptyline packets and
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Febrile Seizure: Management
A 2 year old is brought to the Emergency Department by his parents. They describe him having a seizure that lasted "a few minutes". They des
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Burns: Management
A 49 year old man is brought to ED following a gas explosion at his flat. He has full thickness burns to both legs and groin which you estim
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Headache: Tension-Type Headache
A 23 year old student presents to the Emergency Department with a 2 day history of frontal headache. She describes the pain as a tightness
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Acute Pancreatitis: Pathophysiology
A 49 year old man presents to the Emergency Department with a 12 hour history of abdominal pain. He describes epigastric pain that radiates
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Gallstone Disease: Ascending Cholangitis
A 46 year old woman presents to the Emergency Department with a 3 month history of right upper quadrant pain. She tells you it has increased
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Ophthalmia Neonatorum: Diagnosis
A 17 year old girl presents to the Emergency Department with her 3 day old daughter. She is concerned by a change in the babies eyes. The mo
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Spinal Injury: Spinal Cord Lesion
A 42 year old man presents to ED after falling from the top of a ladder while cleaning out the gutters on his roof. He is complaining of nec
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Valvular Heart Disease: Aortic Regurgitation
A 68 year old woman presents to the Emergency Department following a collapse episode at home. Your Consultant performs a focussed bedside e
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Lower Urinary Tract Infection: Management
A 23 year old woman presents to the Emergency Department with a 2 day history of dysuria. She reports increased frequency. On examination sh
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Methaemoglobinaemia: Management
A 34 year old presents to the Emergency Department complaining of a sore throat. You administer topical benzocaine to allow examination and
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Paracetamol Toxicity: Management
Two 25 year old men present to the Emergency Department after both taking thirty 500 mg paracetamol tablets as a suicide pact. The tablets w
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Salicylate Toxicity: Clinical Features
A 32 year old man presents to the Emergency Department following a deliberate overdose of aspirin. A venous blood gas sample is collected. W
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Infective Keratitis: Diagnosis
A 32 year old woman presents to the Emergency Department with a 3 day history of left eye pain and excessive lacrimation. Your findings on f
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Foot Injuries: Calcaneal Fracture
A 29 year old man is brought to the Emergency Department by police after jumping out of a window on the second floor and landing on his feet
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Pulmonary Embolism: Management
A 35 year old woman presents to ED with sudden onset chest pain and breathlessness. She has no significant past medical history and takes no
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Paediatric Cardiorespiratory Arrest: Management
A nurse runs into ED with an unresponsive 3 year old who has collapsed in the waiting room. You confirm that the patient is in cardiac arres
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Paediatric Cardiorespiratory Arrest: Management
A 7 year old girl is brought to the Emergency Department in her mum's arms. She is floppy and unresponsive. You cannot feel a central pulse
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Peri-Arrest Arrhythmias: Bradyarrhythmia
An 80 year old woman is brought to ED by ambulance after having a fall caused by a syncopal episode at home. Her observations are: BP 90/55,
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Bowel Obstruction: Management
A 82 year old woman presents to the Emergency Department complaining of abdominal pain. She gives a 2 day history of central abdominal pain
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Pathophysiology
You have been asked to give a teaching session to a group of medical students, the theme for the session is "Respiratory Disease in the ED".
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Temporomandibular Joint Dislocation: Risk Factors
A 19 year old man presents to the Emergency Department with a history of "jaw pain" and trismus after yawning. You suspect an anterior tempo
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Encephalitis: Causes
A 50 year old woman present to the Emergency Department complaining of a generalised headache over the last 24 hours which is getting worse,
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Orbital Blowout Fracture: Complications
An 18 year old rugby player is brought to the Emergency Department by his teammates. He was punched to the face during a game. On examinatio
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Status Epilepticus: Management
A 21 year old woman with known epilepsy has a seizure in the waiting room. The seizure has been ongoing now for 5 minutes. You proceed to gi
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Acute Coronary Syndrome: Management
A 43 year old man presents to the Emergency Department complaining of central chest pain radiating to the left arm and shoulder. Following i
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Intraosseous Access
A 10 year old boy is brought into ED following a collapse. He has no signs of life and paramedics have started CPR. They have not yet manage
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Giant Cell Arteritis: Investigations
A 74 year old woman presents to the Emergency Department with a 12 day history of unilateral headache and scalp tenderness. You suspect gian
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Hypothermia: Classification
A 32 year old man is brought to the Emergency Department after being pulled from a lake. He was in the water for 10 minutes. The lake temper
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Subarachnoid Haemorrhage: Management
A 54 year old man presents to the Emergency Department with a 2 hour history of a sudden onset headache. A CT head has been performed which
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Impetigo: Exclusion Advice
A 12 year old boy is brought to the Emergency Department with a 2 day history of an itchy rash around the nose. You see a yellow crust over
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Pulmonary Embolism: Clinical Features
A 79 year old man presents to the Emergency Department with a 2 day history of pleuritic chest pain and shortness of breath. He has a past m
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Cranial Nerve Palsy: Oculomotor Nerve
A 48 year old man presents to the Emergency Department with a new onset of diplopia. He has a past history of lung cancer with cerebral meta
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Nitrous Oxide: Adverse Effects
A 21 year old student presents to the Emergency Department complaining of shortness of breath, lethargy and "numb feet". She has no signific
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Arterial Cannulation
You are giving a teaching session to a group of junior colleagues about arterial cannulation. Which of the following is NOT an indication fo
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Epilepsy: First Seizure
A 19 year old woman is brought to the Emergency Department following a seizure. What is the most common metabolic cause of seizure activity?
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Peri-Arrest Arrhythmias: Bradyarrhythmia
A 59 year old woman presents to ED with intermittent syncope. On arrival, her heart rate is 35 bpm and BP is 74/55. She receives 500 mcg atr
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Pre-Eclampsia: Management
A 32 year old woman is brought to the Emergency Department complaining of a headache and blurred vision. She is 34 weeks pregnant and this i
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Knee Injuries: Investigations
You have been asked to give a teaching session to a group of Emergency Nurse Practitioners working in the Minor Injury Unit attached to your
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Pertussis: Investigations
An 8 year old child is brought into the Emergency Department with a 1 week history of a violent paroxysmal cough. A classmate has recently b
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Urticaria: Aetiology
A 32 year old woman presents to the Emergency Department complaining of a raised, red rash over her torso. She describes an intense burning
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